Lesson 2

Morphological cellular changes in respone to stress and toxic injury (parenchymal/cellular degenerations). The cellular degenerations: hyaline-droplet, hydropic, fatty

Key points:

1. Cell injury. Reversible and irreversible, lethal and sublethal injury. Mechanisms and types of cell injury.

2. Morphogenetic mechanisms of intracellular accumulations; their features.

3. Classification of accumulations depending on localization, type of metabolism, prevalence and origin of the process. Concept of thesaurizmoses (diseases of accumulation).

4. Parenchymal dysproteinoses: morphological features, types.

5. Cellular swelling (hydropic dystrophy): commonly affected organs and tissues, causes, morphological characteristics, consequences.

6. Intracellular hyaline accumulation: the most frequent localization, causes, morphological characteristics.

7. Hyperkeratosis (“horny” dystrophy). Causes, localization, morphological manifestations, consequences.

8. Fatty degeneration: localization, morphological characteristics, histological methods of lipid detection.

9. Fatty changes of hepatocytes (liver steatosis): main causes and mechanisms of development, gross and microscopic changes in the organ, results.

10.Fatty degeneration of cardiomyocytes: main causes and mechanisms of development, gross and microscopic changes, consequences.

11.Lipidosis of the renal tubules: the main causes and mechanisms of development, gross and microscopic changes.

12.Hereditary accumulation diseases associated with impaired metabolism of amino acids, lipids and carbohydrates (glycogen).

Sources:

1. Kumar, Vinay, Abul K. Abbas, and Jon C. Aster. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease. Ninth edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders, 2015. P.7-64

2. Kumar, Vinay, Abul K Abbas, Jon C Aster, and Stanley L. 1915-2003 Robbins. Robbins Basic Pathology. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders, 2018. P.1-33, 51

3. Klatt, Edward C. Robbins and Cotran Atlas of Pathology. Third edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders, 2015.

4. Klatt, Edward C., and Vinay Kumar. Robbins and Cotran Review of Pathology. Fourth edition. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders, 2015. P.3-17

5. Harsh Mohan. Essential Pathology for Dental Students.Fourth edition. Jaypee Brothers,Medical Publishers Pvt. Limited, 2011. P.1-77